Fig. 3
C1ql1-Bai3 signaling induces synapse formation by transverse CF branches
A Experimental scheme. B Coronal cerebellar sections. GFP (CTRL) or GFP plus C1ql1 (+ C1ql1) was overexpressed in CFs. Maximum intensity z-projection images are shown. Dotted lines, upper and lower boundaries of the molecular layer (B1). Enlarged views of representative CF branches (B2). Arrowheads indicate vGluT2-negative and positive branches in CTRL and + C1ql1, respectively. Scale bars, 20 μm. C Height and length of CF transverse branches in the molecular layer. Branch height was measured from the apical pole of PC somata. Transverse branches negative (-) and positive (+) for vGluT2 are indicated by white and red circles, respectively. n = 152 branches (CTRL), n = 132 branches (+ C1ql1). D Percentage of vGluT2-positive CF transverse branches in CTRL or + C1ql1. p = 1.352 × 10− 5, n = 152 (CTRL); n = 132 (+ C1ql1). Mann–Whitney U test. E Histogram showing the mean length of CF transverse branches as a function of their height in the molecular layer. Black and orange bars represent the cerebellum in CTRL and + C1ql1, respectively. 0–40 μm: p = 0.8328, n = 3 (CTRL), n = 18 (+ C1ql1); 40–80 μm: p = 0.1731, n = 34 (CTRL), n = 36 (+ C1ql1); 80–120 μm: p = 2.648 × 10− 5, n = 63 branches (CTRL), n = 58 (+ C1ql1); 120–160 μm: p = 7.370 × 10− 5, n = 49 (CTRL), n = 20 (+ C1ql1); >160 μm: p = 0.1321, n = 3 (CTRL), n = 9 (+ C1ql1). Two-tailed Welch’s t-test. F Histogram showing the mean length of CF transverse branches with the presence or absence of vGluT2. CTRL: p = 0.4338; vGluT2(-), n = 137; vGluT2(+), n = 15. +C1ql1: p = 0.003482; vGluT2(-), n = 93; vGluT2(+), n = 39. Two-tailed Welch’s t-test. All datasets are from 3 mice per group (CTRL and + C1ql1). Bars represent mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; ns, not significant