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  1. To evaluate the genetic effects of sex hormone traits on the development of mental traits in middle-aged adults.

    Authors: Xiao Liang, ShiQiang Cheng, Jing Ye, XiaoMeng Chu, Yan Wen, Li Liu, Xin Qi, YuMeng Jia and Feng Zhang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2021 14:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a transcription factor that is involved in organizing chromatin structure. A reduction of CTCF expression is known to develop distinct clinical features. Furthermore, conditional...

    Authors: Dong Il Choi, Myeongwon Kim, Somi Kim, Nam-Kyung Yu, Chuljung Kwak, Hyunhyo Seo, Kyungmin Lee and Bong-Kiun Kaang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2021 14:1
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  3. Corticogenesis is one of the most critical and complicated processes during embryonic brain development. Any slight impairment in corticogenesis could cause neurodevelopmental disorders such as Fragile X syndr...

    Authors: Cristine R. Casingal, Takako Kikkawa, Hitoshi Inada, Yukio Sasaki and Noriko Osumi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:167
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Disturbances of attention are a common behavioral feature associated with neuropsychiatric disorders with largely unknown underlying causes. We previously developed an object-based attention test (OBAT) as a s...

    Authors: Bolati Wulaer, Kazuo Kunisawa, Hisayoshi Kubota, Willy Jaya Suento, Kuniaki Saito, Akihiro Mouri and Toshitaka Nabeshima
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:171
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  5. Immune molecules, such as cytokines, complement, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, in the central nervous system are often associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuronal MHC class I (M...

    Authors: Bolati Wulaer, Kazuhiro Hada, Akira Sobue, Norimichi Itoh, Toshitaka Nabeshima, Taku Nagai and Kiyofumi Yamada
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:170
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. The brain is composed of cells having distinct genomic DNA sequences that arise post-zygotically, known as somatic genomic mosaicism (SGM). One form of SGM is aneuploidy—the gain and/or loss of chromosomes—whi...

    Authors: Whitney S. McDonald, Kyoko Miyamoto, Richard Rivera, Grace Kennedy, Beatriz S. V. Almeida, Marcy A. Kingsbury and Jerold Chun
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:169
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Dysfunctional dendritic arborization is a key feature of many developmental neurological disorders. Across various human brain regions, basal dendritic complexity is known to increase along a caudal-to-rostral...

    Authors: Brian D. Swinehart, Katherine M. Bland, Z. Logan Holley, Andrew J. Lopuch, Zachary O. Casey, Christopher J. Handwerk and George S. Vidal
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:168
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  8. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) is essential for inducing the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation in muscle fibers, and LRP4 plays a critical role in dendritic development and ...

    Authors: Min Yan, Amin Guo, Peng Chen, Hongyang Jing, Dongyan Ren, Yanzi Zhong, Yongqiang Wu, Erkang Fei, Xinsheng Lai, Suqi Zou and Shunqi Wang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:166
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) is a major component of the retromer complex that mediates the retrograde transport of cargo proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Mutations such as D620N in t...

    Authors: Sarivin Vanan, Xiaoxia Zeng, Sook Yoong Chia, Katarina Varnäs, Mei Jiang, Ke Zhang, Wuan Ting Saw, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Wei-Ping Yu, Zhi-Dong Zhou, Christer Halldin, Balázs Gulyás, Eng-King Tan and Li Zeng
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:164
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 42 is caused by a mutation in CACNA1G, which encodes the low voltage-gated calcium channel CaV3.1 (T-type). Patients with SCA42 exhibit a pure form of cerebellar ataxia. We encountere...

    Authors: Naoyuki Hara, Hiroyuki Morino, Yukiko Matsuda, Kenichi Satoh, Kouichi Hashimoto, Hirofumi Maruyama and Hideshi Kawakami
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:163
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase and a candidate gene for depression. Nicotinamide (NAM), a form of vitamin B3, is reported as a potential inhibitor o...

    Authors: Zhuxi Liu, Caiqin Li, Xuelian Fan, Yifang Kuang, Xu Zhang, Lei Chen, Jinjing Song, Ying Zhou, Eiki Takahashi, Guang He and Weidong Li
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:162
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  13. Previous studies have shown that CCL2 may cause chronic pain, but the exact mechanism of central sensitization is unclear. In this article, we further explore the presynaptic role of CCL2. Behavioral experimen...

    Authors: Sui-Bin Ma, Hang Xian, Wen-Bin Wu, Shuo-Yao Ma, Yu-Ke Liu, Yu-Tong Liang, Huan Guo, Jun-Jun Kang, Ying-Ying Liu, Hui Zhang, Sheng-Xi Wu, Ceng Luo and Rou-Gang Xie
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:161
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. CHD8 encodes a chromatin-remodeling factor and is one of the most recurrently mutated genes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although we have recently shown that mice heterozygous for Chd8 muta...

    Authors: Atsuki Kawamura, Yoshifumi Abe, Fumiko Seki, Yuta Katayama, Masaaki Nishiyama, Norio Takata, Kenji F. Tanaka, Hideyuki Okano and Keiichi I. Nakayama
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:160
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Paranodal axoglial junctions are essential for rapid nerve conduction and the organization of axonal domains in myelinated axons. Neurofascin155 (Nfasc155) is a glial cell adhesion molecule that is also requir...

    Authors: Kazuo Kunisawa, Nobuhiko Hatanaka, Takeshi Shimizu, Kenta Kobayashi, Yasuyuki Osanai, Akihiro Mouri, Qian Shi, Manzoor A. Bhat, Atsushi Nambu and Kazuhiro Ikenaka
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:159
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  16. Neuropathic pain induced by a nerve injury can lead to chronic pain. Recent studies have reported hyperactive neural activities in the nociceptive-related area of the brain as a result of chronic pain. Althoug...

    Authors: Myeounghoon Cha, Songyeon Choi, Kyeongmin Kim and Bae Hwan Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:158
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. We investigated whether enhanced interoceptive bodily states of fear would facilitate recognition of the fearful faces. Participants performed an emotional judgment task after a bodily imagery task inside a fu...

    Authors: Won-Mo Jung, Ye-Seul Lee, In-Seon Lee, Christian Wallraven, Yeonhee Ryu and Younbyoung Chae
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:157
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Long-term memory formation is supported by functional and structural changes of neuronal networks, which rely on de novo gene transcription and protein synthesis. The modulation of the neuronal transcriptome i...

    Authors: David V. C. Brito, Kubra Gulmez Karaca, Janina Kupke, Lukas Frank and Ana M. M. Oliveira
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:156
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Olig2 transcription factor is essential for the maintenance of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the pMN domain and their sequential specification into motor neurons (MNs) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC...

    Authors: Min Jiang, Dan Yu, Binghua Xie, Hao Huang, Wenwen Lu, Mengsheng Qiu and Zhong-Min Dai
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:155
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  20. Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1/L1) is the only autonomous transposable element in the human genome that currently mobilises in both germline and somatic tissues. Recent studies have identified correlation...

    Authors: Abigail L. Savage, Ana Illera Lopez, Alfredo Iacoangeli, Vivien J. Bubb, Bradley Smith, Claire Troakes, Nada Alahmady, Sulev Koks, Gerald G. Schumann, Ammar Al-Chalabi and John P. Quinn
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:154
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is an important subtype of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) and is the route for neuronal cysteine uptake. CoCl2 is not only a hypoxia-mimetic reagent but also an...

    Authors: Han-Byeol Kim, Ji-Young Yoo, Seung-Yeon Yoo, Jun-Ho Lee, Wonseok Chang, Hye-Sun Kim, Tai-Kyoung Baik and Ran-Sook Woo
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:153
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Kohei Koga, Akihiro Yamada, Qian Song, Xu-Hui Li, Qi-Yu Chen, Ren-Hao Liu, Jun Ge, Cheng Zhan, Hidemasa Furue, Min Zhuo and Tao Chen
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:152
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Molecular Brain 2020 13:49

  23. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline with accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles that usually begins 15–30 years before...

    Authors: Md. Ali Bin Saifullah, Okiru Komine, Yutao Dong, Kazuya Fukumoto, Akira Sobue, Fumito Endo, Takashi Saito, Takaomi C. Saido, Koji Yamanaka and Hiroyuki Mizoguchi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:147
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. The canonical physiological role of leptin is to regulate hunger and satiety acting on specific hypothalamic nuclei. Beyond this key metabolic function; leptin also regulates many aspects of development and fu...

    Authors: Camille Dumon, Yasmine Belaidouni, Diabe Diabira, Suzanne M. Appleyard, Gary A. Wayman and Jean-Luc Gaiarsa
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:151
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  25. The Sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) has emerged as an interesting pharmacological target because it inhibits analgesia mediated by mu-opioid receptors (MOR), and also facilitates the development of neuropathic pain. Ba...

    Authors: Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez, Elsa Cortés-Montero, María Rodríguez-Muñoz, Manuel Merlos and Javier Garzón-Niño
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:150
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channels are important contributors to nervous system function. Post-translational modification of these channels has emerged as an important mechanism to control channel a...

    Authors: Vendula Ficelova, Ivana A. Souza, Leos Cmarko, Maria A. Gandini, Robin N. Stringer, Gerald W. Zamponi and Norbert Weiss
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:149
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  27. Neuronal activity-regulated gene transcription underlies plasticity-dependent changes in the molecular composition and structure of neurons. A large number of genes regulated by different neuronal plasticity i...

    Authors: Johanna Denkena, Andrea Zaisser, Barbara Merz, Bertram Klinger, Dietmar Kuhl, Nils Blüthgen and Guido Hermey
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:148
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Protrudin is a protein that resides in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and is highly expressed in the nervous system. Although mutations in the human protrudin gene (ZFYVE27, also known as SPG33) give r...

    Authors: Michiko Shirane, Hirotaka Shoji, Yutaka Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Katagiri, Shizuka Kobayashi, Toshiya Manabe, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa and Keiichi I. Nakayama
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:146
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Activity-dependent local protein synthesis is critical for synapse-specific, persistent plasticity. Abnormalities in local protein synthesis have been implicated in psychiatric disorders. We have recently iden...

    Authors: Alan Jung Park, Mahesh Shivarama Shetty, Jay M. Baraban and Ted Abel
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:145
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2021 14:48

  30. Itch is defined as an unpleasant sensation that provokes a desire to scratch. Our understanding of neuronal circuits for itch information transmission and processing in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) has progres...

    Authors: Keisuke Koga, Yuto Shiraishi, Ryo Yamagata, Hidetoshi Tozaki-Saitoh, Miho Shiratori-Hayashi and Makoto Tsuda
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:144
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Traumatic injury to the spinal cord initiates a series of pathological cellular processes that exacerbate tissue damage at and beyond the original site of injury. This secondary damage includes oxidative stres...

    Authors: Madhuvika Murugan, Jiaying Zheng, Gongxiong Wu, Rochelle Mogilevsky, Xin Zheng, Peiwen Hu, Junfang Wu and Long-Jun Wu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:143
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. To prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we must understand its molecular basis. The great majority of AD cases arise sporadically with a late onset after 65 years of age (LOAD). However, rar...

    Authors: Karissa Barthelson, Stephen Martin Pederson, Morgan Newman and Michael Lardelli
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:142
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. α2-Antiplasmin (α2AP), a principal physiological plasmin inhibitor, is mainly produced by the liver and kidneys, but it is also expressed in several parts of the brain, including the hippocampus and cerebral c...

    Authors: Eri Kawashita, Keiichi Ishihara, Haruko Miyaji, Yu Tanishima, Akiko Kiriyama, Osamu Matsuo and Satoshi Akiba
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:140
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The comorbidities of depression and chronic pain have long been recognized in the clinic, and several preclinical studies have demonstrated depression-like behaviors in animal models of chronic pain. These fin...

    Authors: Ryuto Hara, Daiki Takahashi, Tatsuhiro Takehara, Taiju Amano and Masabumi Minami
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:139
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  36. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs), particularly those that permit efficient gene transfer to neurons from axonal terminals or across the blood–brain barrier, are useful vehicles for structural and f...

    Authors: Kunzhang Lin, Xin Zhong, Lei Li, Min Ying, Tian Yang, Zhijian Zhang, Xiaobin He and Fuqiang Xu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:138
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  37. Mutations in the Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) gene have been linked to familial Parkinson’s disease (PD), PARK17. VPS35 is a key component of the retromer complex, which plays a central role in endosomal t...

    Authors: Keiko Bono, Chikako Hara-Miyauchi, Shunsuke Sumi, Hisayoshi Oka, Yasuyuki Iguchi and Hirotaka James Okano
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:137
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Cerebral microinfarcts (MIs) lead to progressive cognitive impairments in the elderly, and there is currently no effective preventative strategy due to uncertainty about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. O...

    Authors: Xiao-fei He, Ge Li, Li-li Li, Ming-yue Li, Feng-yin Liang, Xi Chen and Xi-quan Hu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:135
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Most individuals undergo traumatic stresses at some points in their life, but only a small proportion develop stress-related disorders such as anxiety diseases and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Althoug...

    Authors: Min-Jae Jeong, Changhee Lee, Kibong Sung, Jung Hoon Jung, Jung Hyun Pyo and Joung-Hun Kim
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:134
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Increased neural activities reduced pH at the synaptic cleft and interstitial spaces. Recent studies have shown that protons function as a neurotransmitter. However, it remains unclear whether protons signal t...

    Authors: Yuanyuan Xu, Mike T. Lin and Xiang-ming Zha
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:132
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2021 14:40

  43. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Epidemiological evidence for a negative correlation between cancer and AD...

    Authors: Seong Gak Jeon, Hyun-ju Lee, HyunHee Park, Kyung-Min Han and Hyang-Sook Hoe
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:131
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  44. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism by which long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (lncRNA MALAT1) promotes inflammation in Parkinson’s disease (PD...

    Authors: Li-Jun Cai, Li Tu, Xiao-Mo Huang, Jia Huang, Nan Qiu, Guang-Hong Xie, Jian-Xiong Liao, Wei Du, Ying-Yue Zhang and Jin-Yong Tian
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:130
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Chronic pain alters cortical and subcortical plasticity, causing enhanced sensory and affective responses to peripheral nociceptive inputs. Previous studies have shown that ketamine had the potential to inhibi...

    Authors: Isabel D. Friesner, Erik Martinez, Haocheng Zhou, Jonathan Douglas Gould, Anna Li, Zhe Sage Chen, Qiaosheng Zhang and Jing Wang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:129
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. The amygdala plays an important role in the emotional-affective aspects of behaviors and pain, but can also modulate sensory aspect of pain (“nociception”), likely through coupling to descending modulatory sys...

    Authors: Guangchen Ji and Volker Neugebauer
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:128
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  47. In the central nervous system, hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN1–4) channels have been implicated in neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. It has been reported that HCN chan...

    Authors: Taku Nakagawa, Toshiharu Yasaka, Noriyuki Nakashima, Mitsue Takeya, Kensuke Oshita, Makoto Tsuda, Ken Yamaura and Makoto Takano
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:127
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Dopamine is involved in many important brain functions, including voluntary motor movement. Dysfunction of the dopaminergic system can induce motor impairments, including Parkinson’s disease. We previously fou...

    Authors: Masayo Fujita, Yukiko Ochiai, Taishi-Clark Takeda, Yoko Hagino, Kazuto Kobayashi and Kazutaka Ikeda
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:126
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2021 14:51

  49. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is amongst the most prevalent early onset dementias and even though it is clinically, pathologically and genetically heterogeneous, a crucial involvement of metabolic perturbation...

    Authors: Blanca I. Aldana, Yu Zhang, Pia Jensen, Abinaya Chandrasekaran, Sofie K. Christensen, Troels T. Nielsen, Jørgen E. Nielsen, Poul Hyttel, Martin R. Larsen, Helle S. Waagepetersen and Kristine K. Freude
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:125
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Glutamate toxicity is a pathomechanism that contributes to neuronal cell death in a wide range of acute and chronic neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-...

    Authors: Simon F. Merz, C. Peter Bengtson, Clara Tepohl, Anna M. Hagenston, Hilmar Bading and Carlos Bas-Orth
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2020 13:124
    Content type: Research Published on:
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