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  1. Pediatric refractory epilepsy is a broad phenotypic spectrum with great genetic heterogeneity. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) combined with Sanger sequencing could help to understand the genetic diversity an...

    Authors: Jing Liu, Lili Tong, Shuangshuang Song, Yue Niu, Jun Li, Xiu Wu, Jie Zhang, Clement C. Zai, Fang Luo, Jian Wu, Haiyin Li, Albert H. C. Wong, Ruopeng Sun, Fang Liu and Baomin Li

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:48

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2018 11:59

  2. Ischemic perinatal stroke (IPS) is common, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. In such cases, the incidence of unilateral arterial cerebral infarction is often occluded in the middle cerebral art...

    Authors: Jie-Min Jia, Chuanqi Peng, Yihui Wang, Jie Zheng and Woo-Ping Ge

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:47

    Content type: Methodology

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  3. The analysis of behavior requires that the underlying neuronal circuits are identified and genetically isolated. In several major model species—most notably Drosophila—neurogeneticists identify and isolate neural...

    Authors: Shamprasad Varija Raghu, Farhan Mohammad, Jia Yi Chua, Joanne Shi Woon Lam, Mavis Loberas, Sadhna Sahani, Claudia S. Barros and Adam Claridge-Chang

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:46

    Content type: Methodology

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  8. Transient receptor potential melastatin member 4 (TRPM4), a Ca2+-activated nonselective cation channel, has been found to mediate cell membrane depolarization in immune response, insulin secretion, cardiovascular...

    Authors: Beatrice Bianchi, Paul A. Smith and Hugues Abriel

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:41

    Content type: Short report

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  9. Leak K+ currents are mediated by two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels and are involved in controlling neuronal excitability. Of 15 members of K2P channels cloned so far, TRAAK, TREK-1, and TREK-2 are temperature sen...

    Authors: Viacheslav Viatchenko-Karpinski, Jennifer Ling and Jianguo G. Gu

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:40

    Content type: Research

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  10. Maturation abnormalities of the brain cells have been suggested in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and epilepsy. In this study, we exam...

    Authors: Hideo Hagihara, Masayo Fujita, Juzoh Umemori, Makoto Hashimoto and Tsuyoshi Miyakawa

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:38

    Content type: Micro report

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  11. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a key mediator of inflammation and stress in the central nervous system (CNS), and is highly expressed in the developing brain. In this study, we investi...

    Authors: Shin-Young Park, Min-Jeong Kang and Joong-Soo Han

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:39

    Content type: Research

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  12. Chronic stress is a psychologically significant factor that impairs learning and memory in the hippocampus. Insulin signaling is important for the development and cognitive function of the hippocampus. However...

    Authors: Hanwoong Woo, Caroline Jeeyeon Hong, Seonghee Jung, Seongwon Choe and Seong-Woon Yu

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:37

    Content type: Research

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  13. Major Histocompability Complex I (MHC-I) molecules present cellularly derived peptides to the adaptive immune system. Generally MHC-I is not expressed on healthy post-mitotic neurons in the central nervous sys...

    Authors: Julie Ry Gustafsson, Georgia Katsioudi, Matilda Degn, Patrick Ejlerskov, Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas and Birgitte Rahbek Kornum

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:36

    Content type: Research

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  15. Microglia have been shown to be of critical importance to the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the broad transcriptional changes that these cells undergo following seizure induction is not well ...

    Authors: Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Zhiyan Xu, Jiyun Peng, Ukpong B. Eyo, Ke Tang, Cheng Yan, Jun Huang, Lijie Feng, Gongxiong Wu, Jason R. Richardson, Hui Wang and Long-Jun Wu

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:34

    Content type: Research

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  18. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder characterized by delusion, hallucination, and cognitive deficits. We have previously identified from schizophrenia patients a loss-of-function mutation Arg215→His21...

    Authors: Dong-Yun Jiang, Zheng Wu, Cody Tieu Forsyth, Yi Hu, Siu-Pok Yee and Gong Chen

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:31

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  19. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Recent studies have shown that mutations in SQSTM1 are linked to ...

    Authors: Shun Mitsui, Asako Otomo, Masahisa Nozaki, Suzuka Ono, Kai Sato, Ryohei Shirakawa, Hiroaki Adachi, Masashi Aoki, Gen Sobue, Hui-Fang Shang and Shinji Hadano

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:30

    Content type: Research

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  20. Alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) is one of the key contributors in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. Despite the fact that increased α-SYN levels are considered one of the key contributors in developing PD, the mo...

    Authors: Goun Je, Subhrangshu Guhathakurta, Seung Pil Yun, Han Seok Ko and Yoon-Seong Kim

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:29

    Content type: Short report

    Published on:

  21. A high-fat diet (HFD) causes obesity by promoting excessive energy intake, and simultaneously, by disturbing the timing of energy intake. Restoring the feeding pattern is sufficient to prevent HFD-induced obes...

    Authors: Tsutomu Sasaki, Rika Numano, Hiromi Yokota-Hashimoto, Sho Matsui, Naobumi Kimura, Hideyuki Takeuchi and Tadahiro Kitamura

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:28

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  22. Rapgef2 and Rapgef6 define a subfamily of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rap small GTPases, characterized by the possession of the Ras/Rap-associating domain. Previous genomic analyses suggested their...

    Authors: Kazuhiro Maeta, Satoko Hattori, Junji Ikutomo, Hironori Edamatsu, Shymaa E. Bilasy, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa and Tohru Kataoka

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:27

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  24. One of the unmet clinical needs in demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is to provide therapies that actively enhance the process of myelin regeneration (remyelination) in the central nervous...

    Authors: Marie Dittmer, Andrew Young, Thomas O’Hagan, George Eleftheriadis, Peter Bankhead, Yvonne Dombrowski, Reinhold J. Medina and Denise C. Fitzgerald

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:25

    Content type: Short report

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  25. This study describes the functional interaction between the Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels and cytoskeletal spectrin (α/β) and ankyrin B proteins. The interactions were identified utilizing a proteo...

    Authors: Agustin Garcia-Caballero, Fang-Xiong Zhang, Victoria Hodgkinson, Junting Huang, Lina Chen, Ivana A. Souza, Stuart Cain, Jennifer Kass, Sascha Alles, Terrance P. Snutch and Gerald W. Zamponi

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:24

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  27. The trigemino-thalamic (T-T) and trigemino-parabrachial (T-P) pathways are strongly implicated in the sensory-discriminative and affective/emotional aspects of orofacial pain, respectively. These T-T and T-P p...

    Authors: Chun-Kui Zhang, Zhi-Hong Li, Yu Qiao, Ting Zhang, Ya-Cheng Lu, Tao Chen, Yu-Lin Dong, Yun-Qing Li and Jin-Lian Li

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:22

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  28. Morphine tolerance is a challenging clinical problem that limits the use of morphine in pain treatment, but the mechanisms of morphine tolerance remain unclear. Recent research indicates that long noncoding RN...

    Authors: Jiali Shao, Jian Wang, Jiangju Huang, Chang Liu, Yundan Pan, Qulian Guo and Wangyuan Zou

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:21

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  29. Neurodegenerative disorders are frequent, incurable diseases characterised by abnormal protein accumulation and progressive neuronal loss. Despite their growing prevalence, the underlying pathomechanism remain...

    Authors: János Bencze, Gábor Miklós Mórotz, Woosung Seo, Viktor Bencs, János Kálmán, Christopher Charles John Miller and Tibor Hortobágyi

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:20

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  30. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by neurotoxicity mediated by the accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) oligomers, causing neuronal loss and progressive cognitive decline. Genetic deletion or chronic phar...

    Authors: Khaled S. Abd-Elrahman, Alison Hamilton, Maryam Vasefi and Stephen S. G. Ferguson

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:19

    Content type: Short report

    Published on:

  32. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of thick samples using superresolution fluorescence microscopy remains challenging due to high level of background noise and fast photobleaching of fluorescence probes. We...

    Authors: Sangjun Park, Wooyoung Kang, Yeong-Dae Kwon, Jaehoon Shim, Siyong Kim, Bong-Kiun Kaang and Sungchul Hohng

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:17

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  35. Our previous studies demonstrated that vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can impair the postnatal cognitive function of rats by damaging the hippocampus. The present study examined the effects of retinoic acid (RA) o...

    Authors: Wei Jiang, Min Guo, Min Gong, Li Chen, Yang Bi, Yun Zhang, Yuan Shi, Ping Qu, Youxue Liu, Jie Chen and Tingyu Li

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:14

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  36. The transcriptional repressor DREAM (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator) is a multifunctional neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) that controls Ca2+ and protein homeostasis through gene regulation and p...

    Authors: Alejandro López-Hurtado, Daniel F. Burgos, Paz González, Xose M. Dopazo, Valentina González, Alberto Rábano, Britt Mellström and Jose R. Naranjo

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:13

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  37. The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is primarily localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane of steroid-synthesizing cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. One of the protein’s main function...

    Authors: Xu-bo Li, An Liu, Le Yang, Kun Zhang, Yu-mei Wu, Ming-gao Zhao and Shui-bing Liu

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:12

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  38. Neuropathic pain is a complex, chronic pain state characterized by hyperalgesia, allodynia, and spontaneous pain. Accumulating evidence has indicated that the microglial Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and autopha...

    Authors: Yibo Piao, Do Hyeong Gwon, Dong-Wook Kang, Tae Woong Hwang, Nara Shin, Hyeok Hee Kwon, Hyo Jung Shin, Yuhua Yin, Jwa-Jin Kim, Jinpyo Hong, Hyun-Woo Kim, Yonghyun Kim, Sang Ryong Kim, Sang-Ha Oh and Dong Woon Kim

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:11

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  39. Growing evidence has indicated that prefibrillar form of soluble amyloid beta (sAβ1–42) is the major causative factor in the synaptic dysfunction associated with AD. The molecular changes leading to presynaptic d...

    Authors: Daehun Park and Sunghoe Chang

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:10

    Content type: Short report

    Published on:

  40. Ghrelin exerts a wide range of physiological actions throughout the body and appears to be a promising target for disease therapy. Endogenous ghrelin receptors (GHSRs) are present in extrahypothalamic sites in...

    Authors: Yukari Suda, Naoko Kuzumaki, Takefumi Sone, Michiko Narita, Kenichi Tanaka, Yusuke Hamada, Chizuru Iwasawa, Masahiro Shibasaki, Aya Maekawa, Miri Matsuo, Wado Akamatsu, Nobutaka Hattori, Hideyuki Okano and Minoru Narita

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:6

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  41. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a critical factor leading to a poor prognosis for ischemic stroke patients. ω-3 fatty acid supplements taken as part of a daily diet have been shown to improve the...

    Authors: Gang Zuo, Dongping Zhang, Rutao Mu, Haitao Shen, Xiang Li, Zhong Wang, Haiying Li and Gang Chen

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:9

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  42. We examined the neuroprotective efficacy of the poly-arginine peptide R18 and its D-enantiomer R18D in a perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) model in P7 Sprague-Dawley rats. R18 and R18D peptides were administere...

    Authors: Adam B. Edwards, Jane L. Cross, Ryan S. Anderton, Neville W. Knuckey and Bruno P. Meloni

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:8

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  43. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease driven in large part by accumulated deposits in the brain of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage product amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). However, AD is ...

    Authors: Valerie T. Y. Tan, Bruce G. Mockett, Shane M. Ohline, Karen D. Parfitt, Hollie E. Wicky, Katie Peppercorn, Lucia Schoderboeck, Mohamad Fairuz bin Yahaya, Warren P. Tate, Stephanie M. Hughes and Wickliffe C. Abraham

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:7

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  44. The epithalamus, which is dorsal to the thalamus, consists of the habenula, pineal gland and third ventricle choroid plexus and plays important roles in the stress response and sleep–wake cycle in vertebrates....

    Authors: Bin Liu, Kaixing Zhou, Xiaojing Wu and Chunjie Zhao

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:5

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  45. Neuronal inhibition is mediated by glycine and/or GABA. Inferior colliculus (IC) neurons receive glycinergic and GABAergic inputs, whereas inhibition in hippocampus (HC) predominantly relies on GABA. Astrocyte...

    Authors: Elsa Ghirardini, Simon L. Wadle, Vanessa Augustin, Jasmin Becker, Sina Brill, Julia Hammerich, Gerald Seifert and Jonathan Stephan

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:4

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  46. Multiple sclerosis is characterized by tissue atrophy involving the brain and the spinal cord, where reactive inflammation contributes to the neurodegenerative processes. Recently, the presence of synapse alte...

    Authors: M. Medelin, V. Giacco, A. Aldinucci, G. Castronovo, E. Bonechi, A. Sibilla, M. Tanturli, M. Torcia, L. Ballerini, F. Cozzolino and C. Ballerini

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:3

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  47. The adult brain actively controls its metabolic homeostasis via the circulatory system at the blood brain barrier interface. The mechanisms underlying the functional coupling from neuron to vessel remain poorl...

    Authors: Gregory W. Kirschen, Rachel Kéry, Hanxiao Liu, Afrinash Ahamad, Liang Chen, Wendy Akmentin, Ramya Kumar, Joel Levine, Qiaojie Xiong and Shaoyu Ge

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:2

    Content type: Methodology

    Published on:

  48. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease which is characterized by a deficit in social interactions and communication with repetitive and restrictive behavior. In altered cells, metabolic...

    Authors: Alexandre Vallée and Jean-Noël Vallée

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2018 11:1

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  49. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy in the current form is hard to be used to image the neural connectivity of thick tissue samples due to problems such as slow imaging speed, severe photobleaching of flu...

    Authors: Jongjin Lee, Sangjun Park, Wooyoung Kang and Sungchul Hohng

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2017 10:63

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  50. In Drosophila, precise regulation of BMP signaling is essential for normal synaptic growth at the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and neuronal survival in the adult brain. However, the molecular mechanisms un...

    Authors: Keunjung Heo, Minyeop Nahm, Min-Jung Lee, Young-Eun Kim, Chang-Seok Ki, Seung Hyun Kim and Seungbok Lee

    Citation: Molecular Brain 2017 10:62

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

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ISSN: 1756-6606