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  1. Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes loss of balance and motor co-ordination, eventually leading to paralysis. It is cause...

    Authors: Maxinne Watchon, Amanda L. Wright, Holly I. Ahel, Katherine J. Robinson, Stuart K. Plenderleith, Andrea Kuriakose, Kristy C. Yuan and Angela S. Laird
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Synucleinopathies refer to a group of disorders characterized by SNCA/α-synuclein (α-Syn)-containing cytoplasmic inclusions and neuronal cell loss in the nervous system including the cortex, a common feature b...

    Authors: Hidefumi Suzuki, Naohiro Egawa, Keiko Imamura, Takayuki Kondo, Takako Enami, Kayoko Tsukita, Mika Suga, Yuichiro Yada, Ran Shibukawa, Ryosuke Takahashi and Haruhisa Inoue
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. The AP-2 transcription factors are crucial for regulating sleep in both vertebrate and invertebrate animals. In mice, loss of function of the transcription factor AP-2β (TFAP2B) reduces non-rapid eye movement ...

    Authors: Ayaka Nakai, Mitsuaki Kashiwagi, Tomoyuki Fujiyama, Kanako Iwasaki, Arisa Hirano, Hiromasa Funato, Masashi Yanagisawa, Takeshi Sakurai and Yu Hayashi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:13
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  4. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a diverse range of neurodevelopmental disorders, but the precise underlying pathogenesis remains elusive. This study aim to explore the potential mechanism of TREM2 i...

    Authors: Yi Tian, Xiao Xiao, Weiliang Liu, Shanqing Cheng, Na Qian, Ling Wang, Yang Liu, Rong Ai and Xiaoping Zhu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1) is a selective subtype of ACs, which is selectively expressed in neurons. The activation of AC1 is activity-dependent, and AC1 plays an important role in cortical excitation that contr...

    Authors: Wantong Shi, Qi-Yu Chen, Yujie Ma, Jinjin Wan, Xu-Hui Li and Min Zhuo
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. The anatomical organization of the rodent claustrum remains obscure due to lack of clear borders that distinguish it from neighboring forebrain structures. Defining what constitutes the claustrum is imperative...

    Authors: Tarek Shaker, Gwyneth J. Dagpa, Vanessa Cattaud, Brian A. Marriott, Mariam Sultan, Mohammed Almokdad and Jesse Jackson
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:10
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  8. Inositol pyrophosphates are key signaling molecules that regulate diverse neurobiological processes. We previously reported that the inositol pyrophosphate 5-InsP7, generated by inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1...

    Authors: Hongfu Jin, Aili Liu, Alfred C. Chin, Chenglai Fu, Hui Shen and Weiwei Cheng
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:8
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  9. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that is regulated by post-translational modifications. The most studied of these modifications is phosphorylation, which affects Tau’s aggregation and loss- and gain-of-...

    Authors: Pranesh Padmanabhan, Andrew Kneynsberg, Esteban Cruz, Adam Briner and Jürgen Götz
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:7
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  11. Entorhinal cortical (EC)-hippocampal (HPC) circuits are crucial for learning and memory. Although it was traditionally believed that superficial layers (II/III) of the EC mainly project to the HPC and deep lay...

    Authors: Naoki Yamamoto, Jun Yokose, Kritika Ramesh, Takashi Kitamura and Sachie K. Ogawa
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:5
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  12. The central nervous system (CNS) is finely protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Immune soluble factors such as cytokines (CKs) are normally produced in the CNS, contributing to physiological immunosurve...

    Authors: Roberta Amoriello, Christian Memo, Laura Ballerini and Clara Ballerini
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:4
    Content type: Review Published on:

  13. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the loss of memory due to aggregation of misphosphorylated tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain, elevated release of inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-ami...

    Authors: Mridula Bhalla and C. Justin Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:3
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  14. In the human and Drosophila color vision system, each photoreceptor neuron (cone cell in humans and R7/R8 photoreceptor cell in Drosophila) makes a stochastic decision to express a single photopigment of the same...

    Authors: Gabrielle Lim-Kian-Siang, Arianna R. Izawa-Ishiguro and Yong Rao
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification where N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is attached and detached from a serine/threonine position by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. In addit...

    Authors: Seunghyo Han, Jun-Nyeong Kim, Chan Ho Park, Jin-Seok Byun, Do-Yeon Kim and Hyoung-Gon Ko
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2024 17:1
    Content type: Nano review Published on:

  16. Unraveling the intricate relationship between mechanical factors and brain activity is a pivotal endeavor, yet the underlying mechanistic model of signaling pathways in brain mechanotransduction remains enigma...

    Authors: Arjun Raha, Yuning Wu, Lily Zhong, Jatheeshan Raveenthiran, Minji Hong, Aftab Taiyab, Li Wang, Bill Wang and Fei Geng
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:83
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  19. Cognitive dysfunction increases as menopause progresses. We previously found that estrogen receptors (ERs) contribute to dyslipidemia, but the specific relationship between ERs, dyslipidemia and cognitive dysf...

    Authors: Qinghai Meng, Ying Chao, Shurui Zhang, Xue Ding, Han Feng, Chenyan Zhang, Bowen Liu, Weijie Zhu, Yu Li, Qichun Zhang, Huangjin Tong, Lixing Wu and Huimin Bian
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:80
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Protein kinases are responsible for protein phosphorylation and are involved in important intracellular signal transduction pathways in various cells, including neurons; however, a considerable number of poorl...

    Authors: Di Ja Lasham, Reza K. Arta, Abdul Fuad Hadi, Jun Egawa, Vance P. Lemmon, Toshiyuki Takasugi, Michihiro Igarashi and Toshiyuki Someya
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:79
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  21. A critical feature of episodic memory formation is to associate temporally segregated events as an episode, called temporal association learning. The medial entorhinal cortical-hippocampal (EC-HPC) networks is...

    Authors: Jun Yokose, Naoki Yamamoto, Sachie K. Ogawa and Takashi Kitamura
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:78
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  22. Optogenetics has revolutionised neuroscience research, but at the same time has brought a plethora of new variables to consider when designing an experiment with AAV-based targeted gene delivery. Some concerns...

    Authors: Sanaz Ansarifar, Gabija AndreikÄ—, Milad Nazari, Rodrigo Labouriau, Sadegh Nabavi and Andrea Moreno
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:77
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  23. Familial hemiplegic migraine type-1 (FHM-1) is a form of migraine with aura caused by mutations in the P/Q-type (Cav2.1) voltage-gated calcium channel. Pregabalin, used clinically in the treatment of chronic p...

    Authors: Stuart M. Cain, Sascha R. A. Alles, Ray Gopaul, Louis-Philippe Bernier, Andrew C. Yung, Andrew Bauman, Yi Yang, Glen B. Baker, Piotr Kozlowski, Brian A. MacVicar and Terrance P. Snutch
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Non-familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) occurring before 65 years of age is commonly referred to as early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and constitutes ~ 5–6% of all AD cases (Mendez et al. in Continuum 25:34...

    Authors: Phoebe Valdes, Kenneth W. Henry, Michael Q. Fitzgerald, Koushik Muralidharan, Andrew B. Caldwell, Srinivasan Ramachandran, Lawrence S. B. Goldstein, William C. Mobley, Douglas R. Galasko and Shankar Subramaniam
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:75
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  25. Necroptosis is known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia; however, its role in the occurrence of secondary thalamic injury after focal cerebral infarction and the mechanism ab...

    Authors: Yanyan Tang, Quanhong Chu, Guanfeng Xie, Yafu Tan, Ziming Ye and Chao Qin
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Calcium ions (Ca2+) play pivotal roles in regulating diverse brain functions, including cognition, emotion, locomotion, and learning and memory. These functions are intricately regulated by a variety of Ca2+-depe...

    Authors: Yeon Hee Kook, Hyoin Lee, Jinsu Lee, Yeonji Jeong, Jaerang Rho, Won Do Heo and Sangkyu Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:73
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  27. The major neuropathologic feature of Parkinson’s disease is the presence of widespread intracellular inclusions of α-synuclein known as Lewy bodies. Evidence suggests that these misfolded protein inclusions sp...

    Authors: Dayana Pérez-Acuña, Soo Jean Shin, Ka Hyun Rhee, Sang Jeong Kim and Seung-Jae Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:72
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Inflammatory pain is a commonly observed clinical symptom in a range of acute and chronic diseases. However, the mechanism of inflammatory pain is far from clear yet. Rab11a, a small molecule guanosine triphos...

    Authors: Jun-Xiang Gu, Jian Wang, Fu-Juan Ma, Miao-Miao Liu, Si-Hai Chen, Yi Wei, Yi-Fan Xiao, Pei-Yuan Lv, Xin Liu, Jian-Qiang Qu, Xian-Xia Yan and Tao Chen
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Novelty-induced memory consolidation is a well-established phenomenon that depends on the activation of a locus coeruleus-hippocampal circuit. It is associated with the expression of activity-dependent genes t...

    Authors: Kristoffer Højgaard, Bianka Szöllősi, Kim Henningsen, Natsumi Minami, Nobuhiro Nakanishi, Erik Kaadt, Makoto Tamura, Richard G.M. Morris, Tomonori Takeuchi and Betina Elfving
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. T-type calcium channelopathies encompass a group of human disorders either caused or exacerbated by mutations in the genes encoding different T-type calcium channels. Recently, a new heterozygous missense muta...

    Authors: Robin N. Stringer, Leos Cmarko, Gerald W. Zamponi, Michel De Waard and Norbert Weiss
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:68
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  32. Huntington’s Disease (HD) is an inherited autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive motor and cognitive impairment due to the expansion of a polyglutamine (CAG) repeat in the N-te...

    Authors: Si Han Li, Tash-Lynn L. Colson, Jingwei Chen, Khaled S. Abd-Elrahman and Stephen S. G. Ferguson
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Viral transsynaptic labeling has become indispensable for investigating the functional connectivity of neural circuits in the mammalian brain. Adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1) allows for anterograde tr...

    Authors: Islam Faress, Valentina Khalil, Haruka Yamamoto, Szilard Sajgo, Keisuke Yonehara and Sadegh Nabavi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:66
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  34. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. While most research on PD conducted to date has focused on neurons and, to a certain extent, glia, few studies have invest...

    Authors: Eun-Jin Bae, Dayana Pérez-Acuña, Ka Hyun Rhee and Seung-Jae Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:65
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  35. The insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are brain regions that undergo structural and functional reorganization in neuropathic pain states. Here, we aimed to study inhibitory parvalbumin positive (PV+) ...

    Authors: Heloísa Alonso-Matielo, Zizhen Zhang, Eder Gambeta, Junting Huang, Lina Chen, Gabriel Oliveira de Melo, Camila Squarzoni Dale and Gerald W. Zamponi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:64
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  36. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by Aβ deposition, tauopathy, neuroinflammation, and impaired cognition. The recent identification of associations between protein kinases a...

    Authors: Hyun-ju Lee, Jeong-Woo Hwang, Jin-Hee Park, Yoo Joo Jeong, Ji-Yeong Jang and Hyang-Sook Hoe
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:63
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  37. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease that affects motor neurons and has a poor prognosis. We focused on TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), which is a common component of neuronal inclusions i...

    Authors: Asako Onda-Ohto, Minami Hasegawa-Ogawa, Hiromasa Matsuno, Tomotaka Shiraishi, Keiko Bono, Hiromi Hiraki, Yumi Kanegae, Yasuyuki Iguchi and Hirotaka James Okano
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Changes in neural activity induced by learning and novel environments have been reported to lead to the formation of new synapses in the adult brain. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well und...

    Authors: Takahiro Aimi, Keiko Matsuda and Michisuke Yuzaki
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. The present study was undertaken to explore the relative contributions of Cav3.2 T-type channels to mediating the antihyperalgesic activity of joint manipulation (JM) therapy. We used the chronic constriction ...

    Authors: Daniel F. Martins, Victor Sorrentino, Leidiane Mazzardo-Martins, William R. Reed, Adair R. S. Santos, Vinícius M. Gadotti and Gerald W. Zamponi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:60
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  40. Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that affects around 1% of the population in widespread populations, with severe cases leading to long-term hospitalization and necessitation of lifelong treatment. Recen...

    Authors: Siyao Li, Koki Sakurai, Masahiro Ohgidani, Takahiro A. Kato and Takatoshi Hikida
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:59
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Intrinsic plasticity of the cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) plays a critical role in motor memory consolidation. However, detailed changes in their intrinsic properties during memory consolidation are not well u...

    Authors: Dong Cheol Jang, Geehoon Chung, Sun Kwang Kim and Sang Jeong Kim
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:58
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a classical marker of neuroinflammation targeted for in vivo molecular imaging. Microglial cells were originally thought to be the only source of TSPO overexpression b...

    Authors: Kelly Ceyzériat, Alekos Nicolaides, Quentin Amossé, Christine Fossey, Thomas Cailly, Frédéric Fabis, Valentina Garibotto, Carole Escartin, Benjamin B. Tournier and Philippe Millet
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:57
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. RET (REarranged during Transfection) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that transduces various external stimuli into biological functions, such as survival and differentiation, in neurons. In the current study, we...

    Authors: Bobae Hyeon, Heeyoung Lee, Nury Kim and Won Do Heo
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Plasticity of principal cells and inhibitory interneurons underlies hippocampal memory. Bidirectional modulation of somatostatin cell mTORC1 activity, a crucial translational control mechanism in synaptic plas...

    Authors: François-Xavier Michon, Isabel Laplante, Anthony Bosson, Richard Robitaille and Jean-Claude Lacaille
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Itch is a complex aversive sensory and emotional experience. As a most upsetting symptom in many dermatological and systemic diseases, it lacks efficient treatments. The lateral habenula nucleus (LHb) encodes ...

    Authors: Rui Chen, Xiang Xu, Xin-Yue Wang, Wen-Bin Jia, De-Shan Zhao, Na Liu, Zhen Pang, Xiao-Qing Liu and Yan Zhang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:54
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. The regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation during brain development is a precisely controlled process, with the production of different neuronal subtypes governed by strict time...

    Authors: Shukui Zhang, Jinyue Zhao, Cheng Zhao, Libo Su and Jianwei Jiao
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:53
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Angiotensin (Ang)-converting-enzyme (ACE) 2 converts Ang II into Ang (1–7), which in turn acts on MAS receptors (ACE2/Ang (1–7)/MAS receptors pathway). This pathway has neuroprotective properties, making it a ...

    Authors: Osamu Nakagawasai, Kohei Takahashi, Taisei Koyama, Ryota Yamagata, Wataru Nemoto and Koichi Tan-No
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Itch is a distinctive sensation that causes a specific affection and scratching reaction. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been linked to itch sensation in numerous studies; however, its precise functio...

    Authors: Chiwoo Lee, Jihae Oh, Jae-Hyung Lee, Bong-Kiun Kaang and Hyoung-Gon Ko
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:51
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  49. Mice hippocampus contains three prominent subregions, CA1, CA3 and DG and is well regarded as an essential multiple task processor for learning, memory and cognition based on tremendous studies on these three ...

    Authors: Siqi Peng, Wenzhen Gu, Wenxiu Zhu, Yan Zhuang, Xiuqi Yang, Yaochen Lv, Sibie Meng, Wei Xie and Moyi Li
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:50
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  50. The relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and dendritic spine abnormalities is well known, but it is unclear whether the deficits relate to specific neuron types and brain regions most relevant t...

    Authors: Lucia Celora, Fanny Jaudon, Carmela Vitale and Lorenzo A. Cingolani
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2023 16:49
    Content type: Micro report Published on:
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