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  1. Theta is one of the most prominent extracellular synchronous oscillations in the mammalian brain. Hippocampal theta relies on an intact medial septum (MS) and has been consistently recorded during the training...

    Authors: Maria Carolina Gonzalez, Andressa Radiske, Janine I. Rossato, Sergio Conde-Ocazionez, Lia R. M. Bevilaqua and Martín Cammarota
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:50
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  2. The integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for normal central nervous system (CNS) functioning. Considering the significance of BBB in maintaining homeostasis and the neural environment, we ai...

    Authors: Hema Kumari Alajangi, Mandeep Kaur, Akanksha Sharma, Sumedh Rana, Shipali Thakur, Mary Chatterjee, Neha Singla, Pradeep Kumar Jaiswal, Gurpal Singh and Ravi Pratap Barnwal
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:49
    Content type: Review Published on:

  3. The habenula (Hb) is an epithalamic structure that links multiple forebrain areas with the mid/hindbrain monoaminergic systems. As an anti-reward center, it has been implicated in the etiology of various neuro...

    Authors: Hyun Jung Kim, Hyeijung Yoo, Ji Yeon Kim, Soo Hyun Yang, Hyun Woo Lee, Heon-Jeong Lee, Gi Hoon Son and Hyun Kim
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:48
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  5. The cerebral organoid (CO) model has been used in the study of various neurodegenerative diseases owing to its physiological implications. However, the CO model may only be representative of certain clinical f...

    Authors: Ju-Hyun Lee, Geon Yoo, Juhyun Choi, Si-Hyung Park, Hyogeun Shin, Renuka Prasad, Yeunehee Lee, Mee Ryung Ahn, Il-Joo Cho and Woong Sun
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:46
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  6. Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein-2 (SV2) is a family of proteins consisting of SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C. This protein family has attracted attention in recent years after SV2A was shown to be an epileptic drug target...

    Authors: Burcu A. Pazarlar, Sanjay S. Aripaka, Viktor Petukhov, Lars Pinborg, Konstantin Khodosevich and Jens D. Mikkelsen
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Although dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons have been so far classified according to the difference in their fibers (Aβ, Aδ, and C), this classification should be further subdivided according to gene expressio...

    Authors: Taisei Noguri, Dai Hatakeyama, Takashi Kitahashi, Kotaro Oka and Etsuro Ito
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:44
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  8. Auxiliary CaVβ subunits interact with the pore forming CaVα1 subunit to promote the plasma membrane expression of high voltage-activated calcium channels and to modulate the biophysical properties of Ca2+ current...

    Authors: Laurent Ferron, Sydney D. Guderyan, Ethan J. Smith and Gerald W. Zamponi
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:43
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  9. Neuropeptides act mostly on a class of G-protein coupled receptors, and play a fundamental role in the functions of neural circuits underlying behaviors. However, physiological functions of some neuropeptide r...

    Authors: Guo Zhang, Shi-Qi Guo, Si-Yuan Yin, Wang-Ding Yuan, Ping Chen, Ji-il Kim, Hui-Ying Wang, Hai-Bo Zhou, Abraham J. Susswein, Bong-Kiun Kaang and Jian Jing
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:42
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  10. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have been investigated for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Here, we assessed the antiallodynic effects of a novel MAO-B inhibitor, KDS2010, on paclitaxel (PTX)-induced mec...

    Authors: Su Eun Park, Chiranjivi Neupane, Chan Noh, Ramesh Sharma, Hyun Jin Shin, Thuy Linh Pham, Gyu-Seung Lee, Ki Duk Park, C. Justin Lee, Dong-Wook Kang, So Yeong Lee, Hyun-Woo Kim and Jin Bong Park
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:41
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem worldwide which causes high mortality and disability. Functioning as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) regulates the expressio...

    Authors: Siqi Wang, Yiyu Sun, Shaobo Hu, Cen Lou and Yuan-Bo Pan
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2022 15:60

  13. Adult neurogenesis, the proliferation and integration of newly generated neurons, has been observed in the adult mammalian hippocampus of many species. Numerous studies have also found adult neurogenesis in th...

    Authors: Dylan J. Terstege, Kwaku Addo-Osafo, G. Campbell Teskey and Jonathan R. Epp
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:38
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  14. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) /p35 is involved in many developmental processes of the central nervous system. Cdk5/p35 is also implicated in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Several lines of condit...

    Authors: Miyuki Takahashi, Takeru Nakabayashi, Naoki Mita, Xiaohua Jin, Yuta Aikawa, Kodai Sasamoto, Goichi Miyoshi, Mariko Miyata, Takafumi Inoue and Toshio Ohshima
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) induced by perinatal asphyxia is a major cause of neurological disability among infants. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), derived from artemisinin, well known as an anti...

    Authors: Qian Xiong, Xiaohuan Li, Lei Xia, Zhengyu Yao, Xiuyu Shi and Zhifang Dong
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. RUN and FYVE domain-containing 3 (Rufy3) is a well-known adapter protein of a small GTPase protein family and is bound to the activated Ras family protein to maintain neuronal polarity. However, in experimenta...

    Authors: Yang Wang, Jianguo Xu, Wanchun You, Haitao Shen, Xiang Li, Zhengquan Yu, Haiying Li and Gang Chen
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Authors: Tomoya Takemoto, Masayuki Baba, Kazumasa Yokoyama, Kohei Kitagawa, Kazuki Nagayasu, Yukio Ago, Kaoru Seiriki, Atsuko Hayata-Takano, Atsushi Kasai, Daisuke Mori, Norio Ozaki, Kazuhiro Takuma, Ryota Hashimoto, Hitoshi Hashimoto and Takanobu Nakazawa
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:34
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Molecular Brain 2022 15:26

  18. Abnormal white matter is a common neurobiological change in bipolar disorder, and dysregulation of myelination in oligodendrocytes (OLs) is the cause. Transmembrane protein 108 (Tmem108), as a susceptible gene of...

    Authors: Yongqiang Wu, Yanzi Zhong, Xufeng Liao, Xiangguang Miao, Jianbo Yu, Xinsheng Lai, Yu Zhang, Chaolin Ma, Haili Pan and Shunqi Wang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:33
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. As the proportion of elderly in society increases, so do the number of older patients undergoing surgical procedures. This is concerning as exposure to anesthesia has been identified as a risk factor for Alzhe...

    Authors: Ryo Niikura, Tomoyuki Miyazaki, Kenkichi Takase, Hiroki Sasaguri, Takashi Saito, Takaomi C. Saido and Takahisa Goto
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:32
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. NeuroD1-induced microglia-to-neuron conversion is hotly debated. Recently, we published a paper in Neuron demonstrating that NeuroD1 cannot induce microglia-to-neuron cross-lineage conversion. In the same issue o...

    Authors: Yanxia Rao and Bo Peng
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:31
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  21. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is a regulator of chromatin organization and has direct effects on gene transcription. Mutations in CTCF have been identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions. Ther...

    Authors: Liron Davis, Prudhvi Raj Rayi, Dmitriy Getselter, Hanoch Kaphzan and Evan Elliott
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Olfactory receptors have been detected in extraolfactory organs. Olfactory receptor 78 (Olfr78), proposed to respond to small organic acids, is widely expressed in the kidney, arterioles, colon, and prostate. ...

    Authors: Akiko Nakashima, Noriyuki Nakashima, Kie Nakashima and Makoto Takano
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:29
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  23. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (Hif1α) plays a crucial role in brain development. To study the function of Hif1α in early brain development, we generated neuroepithelial cell-specific Hif1α-knockout mice. Hif1α-kno...

    Authors: Daisuke Sakai, Takeru Sugawara, Tomonori Kurokawa, Yuki Murakami, Mitsuhiro Tomosugi, Hiroko Masuta, Hiromi Sakata-Haga, Toshihisa Hatta and Hiroki Shoji
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:28
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Abnormal deposition of α-synuclein aggregates in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is the hallmark lesion in Parkinson’s disease (PD). These aggregates, thought to be the culprit of disease pathogenesis, spread th...

    Authors: Joo-Ok Min, Timo Strohäker, Byung-Chul Jeong, Markus Zweckstetter and Seung-Jae Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:27
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by specific social symptoms, restricted interests, stereotyped repetitive behaviors, and delayed language development. The 3q29 mi...

    Authors: Tomoya Takemoto, Masayuki Baba, Kazumasa Yokoyama, Kohei Kitagawa, Kazuki Nagayasu, Yukio Ago, Kaoru Seiriki, Atsuko Hayata-Takano, Atsushi Kasai, Daisuke Mori, Norio Ozaki, Kazuhiro Takuma, Ryota Hashimoto, Hitoshi Hashimoto and Takanobu Nakazawa
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:26
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Molecular Brain 2022 15:34

  26. The activation and dysregulation of retrotransposons has been identified in the CNS of individuals with the fatal neurodegenerative disorder Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This includes elements from mul...

    Authors: Abigail L. Pfaff, Vivien J. Bubb, John P. Quinn and Sulev Koks
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Alterations in long-range functional connectivity between distinct brain regions are thought to contribute to the encoding of memory. However, little is known about how the activation of an existing network of...

    Authors: Tomonori Takeuchi, Makoto Tamura, Dorothy Tse, Yasushi Kajii, Guillén Fernández and Richard G. M. Morris
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Calsyntenins (CLSTNs) are important synaptic molecules whose molecular functions are not fully understood. Although mutations in calsyntenin (CLSTN) genes have been associated with psychiatric disorders in humans...

    Authors: Keita Mori, Michinori Koebis, Kazuki Nakao, Shizuka Kobayashi, Yuji Kiyama, Masahiko Watanabe, Toshiya Manabe, Yuichi Iino and Atsu Aiba
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. The accumulation of neurotoxic proteins characteristic of age-related neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases is associated with the perturbation of metabolism, bioenergetics...

    Authors: Van N. Huynh, Gloria A. Benavides, Michelle S. Johnson, Xiaosen Ouyang, Balu K. Chacko, Edie Osuma, Toni Mueller, John Chatham, Victor M. Darley-Usmar and Jianhua Zhang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. It is unclear why orexin-deficient animals, but not wild-type mice, show cataplexy. The current hypothesis predicts simultaneous excitation of cataplexy-inhibiting orexin neurons and cataplexy-inducing amygdal...

    Authors: Shi Zhou, Akira Yamashita, Jingyang Su, Yang Zhang, Wuyang Wang, Liying Hao, Akihiro Yamanaka and Tomoyuki Kuwaki
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a critical neurodegenerative condition, has a wide range of effects on brain activity. Synaptic plasticity and neuronal circuits are the most vulnerable in Alzheimer’s disease, but th...

    Authors: Parsa Mirzayi, Parnian Shobeiri, Amirali Kalantari, George Perry and Nima Rezaei
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:20
    Content type: Review Published on:

  32. To diagnose autism spectrum disorder (ASD), researchers have sought biomarkers whose alterations correlate with the susceptibility to ASD. However, biomarkers closely related to the pathophysiology of ASD are ...

    Authors: Gaeun Park, Se Jin Jeon, In Ok Ko, Ji Hwan Park, Kyo Chul Lee, Min-Sik Kim, Chan Young Shin, Hyeonjin Kim and Yong-Seok Lee
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. SorLA is a member of the Vps10p-domain (Vps10p-D) receptor family of type-I transmembrane proteins conveying neuronal endosomal sorting. The extracellular/luminal moiety of SorLA has a unique mosaic domain com...

    Authors: Lars Binkle, Marcel Klein, Uwe Borgmeyer, Dietmar Kuhl and Guido Hermey
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:18
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  34. Recent research has suggested that the mesolimbic dopamine network that mainly terminates in the nucleus accumbens may positively control the peripheral immune system. The activation of dopamine receptors in n...

    Authors: Daisuke Sato, Yusuke Hamada, Michiko Narita, Tomohisa Mori, Hiroyuki Tezuka, Yukari Suda, Kenichi Tanaka, Sara Yoshida, Hideki Tamura, Akihiro Yamanaka, Emiko Senba, Naoko Kuzumaki and Minoru Narita
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Epilepsy has been extensively studied as a common neurological disease. Efforts have been made on rodent and other animal models to reveal the pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy and develop new drugs for treatm...

    Authors: Xiangyu Yang, Zhitang Chen, Ziying Wang, Guang He, Zhiqiang Li, Yongyong Shi, Neng Gong, Binglei Zhao, Yifang Kuang, Eiki Takahashi and Weidong Li
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:16
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  36. Coenzyme Q8A encodes the homologue of yeast coq8, an ATPase that is required for the biosynthesis of Coenzyme Q10, an essential component of the electron transport chain. Mutations in COQ8A in humans result in Co...

    Authors: Angelia J. Hura, Hannah R. Hawley, Wei Jun Tan, Rebecca J. Penny, Jessie C. Jacobsen and Helen L. Fitzsimons
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:15
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  37. Ischemic stroke, caused by a lack of blood supply in brain tissues, is the third leading cause of human death and disability worldwide, and usually results in sensory and motor dysfunction, cognitive impairmen...

    Authors: Weichen Hou, Yulei Hao, Li Sun, Yang Zhao, Xiangyu Zheng and Lei Song
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:14
    Content type: Review Published on:

  38. Retrograde tracers based on viral vectors are powerful tools for the imaging and manipulation of upstream neural networks projecting to a specific brain region, and they play important roles in structural and ...

    Authors: Zengpeng Han, Nengsong Luo, Jiaxin Kou, Lei Li, Zihong Xu, Siyuan Wei, Yang Wu, Jie Wang, Chaohui Ye, Kunzhang Lin and Fuqiang Xu
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:13
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  39. Chronic pain damages the balance between excitation and inhibition in the sensory cortex. It has been confirmed that the activity of cortical glutamatergic pyramidal cells increases after chronic pain. However...

    Authors: Da-Yu Zhu, Ting-Ting Cao, Hong-Wei Fan, Ming-Zhe Zhang, Hao-Kai Duan, Jing Li, Xia-Jing Zhang, Yun-Qing Li, Pan Wang and Tao Chen
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. In the CNS, pericytes are important for maintaining the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and for controlling blood flow. Recently, several methods were suggested for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell...

    Authors: Seo Young Kim, Jihye Choi, Junhee Roh and Chul Hoon Kim
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:11
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  41. Emerging evidence suggests that the mesolimbic dopaminergic network plays a role in the modulation of pain. As chronic pain conditions are associated with hypodopaminergic tone in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), ...

    Authors: Daisuke Sato, Michiko Narita, Yusuke Hamada, Tomohisa Mori, Kenichi Tanaka, Hideki Tamura, Akihiro Yamanaka, Ryosuke Matsui, Dai Watanabe, Yukari Suda, Emiko Senba, Moe Watanabe, Edita Navratilova, Frank Porreca, Naoko Kuzumaki and Minoru Narita
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by repeated conflicting manic and depressive states. In addition to genetic factors, complex gene–environment interactions, which alter the ...

    Authors: Hiroko Sugawara, Miki Bundo, Takaoki Kasahara, Yutaka Nakachi, Junko Ueda, Mie Kubota-Sakashita, Kazuya Iwamoto and Tadafumi Kato
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:9
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  43. Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 C (MEF2C), one of the transcription factors of the MADS-BOX family, is involved in embryonic brain development, neuronal formation and differentiation, as well as in the growth and pr...

    Authors: Zhikun Zhang and Yongxiang Zhao
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:8
    Content type: Review Published on:

  44. Systems neuroscience is focused on how ensemble properties in the brain, such as the activity of neuronal circuits, gives rise to internal brain states and behavior. Many of the studies in this field have trad...

    Authors: Yang Shen, Alessandro Luchetti, Giselle Fernandes, Won Do Heo and Alcino J. Silva
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:7
    Content type: Review Published on:

  45. It is well known that acute exposure to physical stress produces a transient antinociceptive effect (called stress-induced analgesia [SIA]). One proposed mechanism for SIA involves noradrenaline (NA) in the ce...

    Authors: Sawako Uchiyama, Kohei Yoshihara, Riku Kawanabe, Izuho Hatada, Keisuke Koga and Makoto Tsuda
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:6
    Content type: Micro report Published on:

  46. Soluble amyloid precursor protein-alpha (sAPPα) is a regulator of neuronal and memory mechanisms, while also having neurogenic and neuroprotective effects in the brain. As adult hippocampal neurogenesis is imp...

    Authors: Shane M. Ohline, Connie Chan, Lucia Schoderboeck, Hollie E. Wicky, Warren P. Tate, Stephanie M. Hughes and Wickliffe C. Abraham
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Escherichia coli is the most common gram-negative pathogenic bacterium causing meningitis. It penetrates the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, which are vital event...

    Authors: Bojie Xu, Ruicheng Yang, Bo Yang, Liang Li, Jiaqi Chen, Jiyang Fu, Xinyi Qu, Dong Huo, Chen Tan, Huanchun Chen, Zhong Peng and Xiangru Wang
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Low-voltage-activated T-type Ca2+ channels are key regulators of neuronal excitability both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Therefore, their recruitment at the plasma membrane is critical in determ...

    Authors: Leos Cmarko, Robin N. Stringer, Bohumila Jurkovicova-Tarabova, Tomas Vacik, Lubica Lacinova and Norbert Weiss
    Citation: Molecular Brain 2022 15:1
    Content type: Micro report Published on:
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